| Mochtar Lubis | |
|---|---|
Mochtar Lubis (unknown year) |
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| Born | 7 March 1922 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia |
| Died | 2 July 2004 (aged 82) Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Citizenship | Indonesian |
| Awards |
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Mochtar Lubis ([moxˈtar luˈbɪs]; Padang, Indonesia March 7, 1922[1] – July 2, 2004, Jakarta) was an Indonesian Batak journalist and novelist who co-founded Indonesia Raya. His novel Senja di Jakarta (Twilight in Jakarta in English) was the first Indonesian novel to be translated into English. He was a critic of Sukarno and was imprisoned by him.[2] He has been described as a "renaissance man par excellence."
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Lubis was born on March 7, 1922 in Padang, West Sumatra to Raja Pandapotan Lubis, a high-ranking civil servant, and his wife.[3] He was the sixth child of twelve.[4]
As a child, Lubis wrote children's stories which were published in Sinar Deli, a Medan-based newspaper.[3] When he was an adolescent, Mochtar Lubis often trekked into the jungles of Sumatra. Lubis later wrote that two events during this period, seeing a well-built yet abandoned hut and having a close call with a tiger, served partly as his inspiration for Harimau! Harimau![5]
After graduating from high school, Lubis worked as a teacher in Nias, North Sumatra. However, after a year he left for Batavia, where he worked at a bank. When World War II broke out and the Japanese occupied Indonesia in 1942, Lubis began working for the Japanese, translating international news for the Japanese army.[3]
After Indonesia declared its independence in 1945, Lubis joined the Indonesian news agency Antara as a reporter.[6] With Antara, he covered the Asian Relations Conference in 1947. During this same period he wrote Jalan Tak Ada Ujung and joined the Indonesian Visual Artists Association.[3]
In 1949, Lubis cofounded Indonesia Raya, later serving as the daily's chief editor. His work with Indonesia Raya led to him being imprisoned numerous times for his critical writing, including in Madiun, East Java, from 1957 - 1966.[6]
On 4 February 1975, Lubis was arrested in relation to the 1974 riots during the visit of Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka;[7] Indonesia Raya was also shut down not long after the riots due to their reporting of the Pertamina corruption scandal.[6] Lubis spent over two months in Nirbaya prison without trial and was released on 14 April 1975. He noted that other prisoners, such as former Indonesian Air Force chief Omar Dani, had been imprisoned without trial for years.[7]
Lubis founded and co-founded numerous magazines and foundations, including the Obor Indonesia Foundation in 1970,[3] Horison magazine, and the Indonesian Green Foundation.[4] Lubis was also outspoken about the need for freedom of the press in Indonesia[6] and gained a reputation as an honest, no-nonsense reporter.[3]
After a long struggle against Alzheimer's disease Lubis died in Medistra Hospital on 2 July 2004 at age 82.[8] He was buried with next to his wife in Jeruk Purut Cemetery.[7] His funeral was attended by hundreds, including journalists and writers Rosihan Anwar, Aristiddes Katoppo and Ramadhan KH.[8]
Lubis was married to Siti Halimah, who died in 2001. Together they had three children, who produced eight grandchildren. During his time as a widower, Lubis said that he could never love another woman.[4]
Lubis was an avid practitioner of yoga,[4] which he started practicing in prison.[8]
In 1958, Lubis shared the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts with Robert Dick.[9]
Lubis's novel Harimau! Harimau! was named Best Book by Yayasan Buku Utama, a part of the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, in 1975,[10] and an award from Yayasan Jaya Raya in 1979.[11]
Lubis has been described as a "renaissance man par excellence"[3] and a "press freedom champion".[8] Numerous publications have been written describing him and his works.[3]
| Year | Title | Title in English | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | Tidak Ada Esok[1] | There is No Tomorrow | |
| 1952 | Jalan Tak Ada Ujung | The Never-ending Road | Received an award from the Badan Musyawarah Kebudayaan Nasional [1] |
| 1963 | Senja di Jakarta | Twilight in Jakarta | Originally published in English; published in Malay in 1964.[1] |
| 1966 | Tanah Gersang | Barren Land | |
| 1975 | Harimau! Harimau! | Tiger! Tiger! | Nominated best book of the year by Yayasan Buku Utama.[1] |
| 1971 | Maut dan Cinta | Death and Love | Received an award from Yayasan Jaya Raya.[1] |
| Year | Title | Title in English |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | Si Jamal[1] | The Beauty |
| 1956 | Perempuan[1] | Women |